Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers: a manual for putting theory into practice

Автор: Nolberto Munier; Fernando Jiménez-Sáez; Marta Fernández-Diego
Название: Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers: a manual for putting theory into practice
Язык: English
Издательство: Dordrecht; New York: Springer
Год: 2013
Формат: pdf
Размер: 15,1 mb
Страниц: 508

As a companion to books on project-management theory, this book illustrates, in a down-to-earth, comprehensive style, how to put that theory into practice. In addition to the many examples that illustrate procedures, the book includes over 25 case studies, each one addressing a specific theme. Key topics, such as project selection, negotiations, planning and scheduling, cost and budgeting, project control, human resources, environmental impacts, risk management, and financial evaluation, are discussed, using a step-by-step approach. Beginning at the grassroots level, some cases are solved by hand to illustrate the mechanics of a procedure, while others are solved using advanced computer programs. In this way the reader has a clear idea of the problem, how and when to raise the issue, information needed (and who can provide it), how to solve it by hand, when possible, and also its resolution using the latest informatics tools.
 Table of contents:
1 Introduction and Road Map to Project Management............................ 1
1.1 Some Definitions........................................................ 2
1.1.1 Project.......................................................... 2
1.1.2 Project Management............................................... 2
1.1.3 Construction Project Management.................................. 2
1.1.4 Construction Management.......................................... 2
1.2 Book Organization....................................................... 2
1.3 Strategic Sequence for Project Management............................... 3
1.4 Sequence of Processes in the Project Life Cycle......................... 4
1.4.1 The Five Essential Functions in Project Management......... 6
1.4.2 General and Useful Points to Take into Account................ 6
1.5 Chapter Structure....................................................... 8
1.6 Tables for Performing Actioas in the Different Groups................. 8
1.6.1 First Group: Initiation.......................................... 8
1.6.2 Second Group: Planning.......................................... 31
1.6.3 Third Group: Execution and Overseeing........................... 33
1.6.4 Fourth Group: Monitoring and Control............................ 34
1.6.5 Fifth Group: Closing............................................ 35
1.7 Project Charter....................................................... 35
1.8 Project Management Plan............................................... 35
1.9 Organizational Process Assets.......................................... 36
1.10 Statement of Work (SOW)................................................ 36
1.11 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 36
References................................................................... 36
2 Project Innovation and Design................................................ 37
2.1 Definition............................................................. 37
2.2 Projects Origins....................................................... 38
2.3 Innovation and Project Management...................................... 39
2.4 CASE STUDY: Development of a Tool for Decision-Making.............. 39
2.4.1 Background Information.......................................... 39
2.4.2 Research........................................................ 40
2.4.3 Fundamentals.................................................... 41
2.4.4 The Next Market................................................. 41
2.5 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 42
References................................................................... 42
3 Leadership and Negotiation for Project Management........................... 43
3.1 Part One: Leadership................................................... 43
3.1.1 Project Manager Attributes...................................... 43
3.2 Part Two: Negotiation in Projects...................................... 45
3.2.1 Introduction.................................................... 45
3.2.2 The Negotiation Process......................................... 48
3.2.3 CASE STUDY: Identifying the Problem................................. 51
3.2.4 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 53
References...................................................................... 53
4 Project Strategic Planning........................................................ 55
4.1 Introduction............................................................... 55
4.2 Tools for Strategic Planning............................................... 56
4.3 Elements of Strategic Planning............................................. 56
4.4 CASE STUDY: Commercialization and Distribution of an Imported
Food Product into the USA Market.......................................... 57
4.4.1 Background Information.............................................. 57
4.4.2 SWOT Analysis....................................................... 57
4.4.3 Analysis of This Case............................................... 61
4.5 Conclusion................................................................. 61
4.6 Suggested Procedure for Strategic Planning................................. 61
4.6.1 State the Goal and Analyze Diverse Factors
and Potential Risks................................................. 61
4.6.2 Consider Other Strategies........................................... 62
4.6.3 Perform a Market Study and Analyze Potential Variations....... 62
4.6.4 Study Custom Laws and Taxes......................................... 63
4.6.5 Think About Facilities.............................................. 63
4.6.6 Operations.......................................................... 63
4.6.7 Monitoring and Control.............................................. 63
4.6.8 Final Comments...................................................... 63
4.7 Strategic Planning in Remedial Work........................................ 64
4.8 Conclusion of This Chapter................................................. 64
References...................................................................... 64
5 Project Impact on the Environment............................................ 65
5.1 The Environment Importance in Projects.................................. 65
5.2 Detection of Impacts Produced by a Project.............................. 66
5.3 Impact Identification................................................... 66
5.4 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Dam for a Hydro Electric Project........................................................ 69
5.5 Projects Designed to Protect the Environment............................ 70
5.6 CASE STUDY: The Hidden Contamination in Manufacturing................... 71
5.6.1 Background Information........................................... 71
5.6.2 Life Cycle Computation........................................... 71
5.6.3 Analysis......................................................... 71
5.7 Closing a Project....................................................... 72
5.8 Conclusion of This Chapter.............................................. 72
References................................................................... 73
6 Project Risk Management...................................................... 75
6.1 The Importance of Coasidering Risk in Projects.......................... 75
6.2 The Purpose of This Chapter............................................. 75
6.3 Definition of Project Risk.............................................. 76
6.3.1 Risk Classification.............................................. 76
6.4 Risk Components......................................................... 77
6.4.1 Different Threats in Projects or Risk Factors.................... 77
6.4.2 Assets Under Threat.............................................. 77
6.4.3 Probability of Occurrence........................................ 77
6.4.4 Outcomes and Impacts............................................. 79
6.4.5 Measuring the Risk............................................... 80
6.4.6 Safeguards....................................................... 81
6.5 Project Risk Management.................................................. 82
6.5.1 Risk Assessment.................................................. 83
6.5.2 Risk Identification.............................................. 83
6.5.3 Risk Analysis.................................................... 84
6.5.4 Risk Evaluation.................................................. 84
6.5.5 Risk Treatment................................................... 84
6.5.6 Risk Monitoring and Controlling.................................. 85
6.6 International Risk Standard.............................................. 85
6.7 CASE STUDY: Software Development Project................................. 85
6.8 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................... 88
References.............................................................. 89
7 Project Economic and Financial Evaluation................................. 91
7.1 The Investment Cycle..................................................... 91
7.1.1 Financing the Project Through Bank Loaas......................... 92
7.1.2 Applications of Funds............................................ 92
7.1.3 Preparation of the Investment Schedule During
the Construction Period.......................................... 92
7.1.4 Depreciation and Taxes........................................... 93
7.1.5 Reinvestment..................................................... 94
7.1.6 Operating Costs.................................................. 94
7.1.7 Working Capital (WC)............................................. 94
7.1.8 Difference Between Fixed Assets and Working Capital............... %
7.1.9 Project Manager Involvement....................................... %
7.2 The Investment Cycle in Statements........................................ %
7.2.1 The Balance Sheet................................................ 97
7.2.2 Cash Flow Statement.............................................. 97
7.2.3 Income Statement................................................. 97
7.2.4 Project Analysis................................................. 97
7.3 Sensitivity Analysis..................................................... 98
7.4 Sequence to Prepare an Economic and Financial Analysis for a Project............................................................ 98
7.5 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Copper Concentration Plant.......... 98
7.5.1 Background Information.......................................... 99
7.5.2 Investment During Construction.................................. 99
7.5.3 Taxes During the Construction Period............................ 99
7.5.4 Financing....................................................... 99
7.5.5 General Specifications......................................... 100
7.5.6 Operating Costs................................................ 101
7.5.7 Working Capital................................................ 101
7.5.8 Statement of Project Analysis.................................. 101
7.5.9 Sensitivity Financial Analysis................................. 102
7.5.10 Final Remarks on This Example................................. 103
7.6 Breakeven Point Diagram............................................... 103
7.7 Conclusion of This Chapter........................................ 104
References.................................................................. 104
8 Project Selection and Decision-Making.................................... 105
8.1 What Is the Decision-Making Activity in Project Management?........ 105
8.2 The Decision-Making Process in Projects........................... 107
8.2.1 Rio Colorado Basin Study, Argentina........................ 109
8.2.2 Scheduling Bridge Repairs, Canada.......................... 110
8.2.3 Selection of a Manageable Set of Urban or Regional Indicators to Measure the State of the Environment........................ 110
8.3 Different Methods........................................................110
8.4 The Simus Method for Decision-Making ... 110
8.5 CASE STUDY: Construction of a Gas Pipeline 111
8.5.1 Background Infonnation........................................... Ill
8.5.2 Establishing the Mathematical Model.............................. 112
8.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis............................................. 114
8.5.4 Projects with Several Objectives................................. 115
8.6 Vendor Selection.................... 116
8.7 Conclusion of This Chapter.......... 116
References................................................................ 116
9 Project Planning and Scheduling............................................. 119
9.1 Planning the Work Related with a Project. . 119
9.1.1 Requesting Information About Tasks and Activities................ 119
9.1.2 Planning for Manufacturing Projects.............................. 120
9.1.3 CASE STUDY: The Critical Path Method (CPM) - Planning a Water Supply System to Create a Water Park................. 120
9.2 Scheduling the Job.................. 123
9.2.1 Constructing the S-curve......................................... 123
9.2.2 Working in Parallel.............................................. 123
9.2.3 Shortening the Duration of a Project............................. 124
9.3 The Master Schedule................. 124
9.3.1 Merging Networks................................................. 124
9.3.2 Preparing the Master Schedule with All Subprojects Merged... 126
9.4 CASE STUDY: Developing the Basic Engineering for an Automobile Plant................................ 126
9.4.1 Project Background Information.................................. 128
9.4.2 Bidding for Consultancy Services to Develop the Mechanical
Basic Engineering............................................... 128
9.4.3 Teamic Organization for This Project............................ 128
9.4.4 Determining Scope of Work....................................... 128
9.4.5 Establishing the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)................. 131
9.4.6 Establishing Consultants’Responsibilities....................... 131
9.4.7 Integration and Linkages Between Intervening Project Consultants..................................................... 133
9.4.8 Relationship and Communication with Owner....................... 133
9.4.9 Acquiring Project Team - Determining Type and Qualification of Staff Needed................................................. 133
9.4.10 Team Rcspoasibility Matrix...................................... 134
9.4.11 Preparing Schedule of Meetings for the Project Team and Suppliers................................................... 134
9.4.12 Planning and Scheduling TEAMIC’s Own Work....................... 134
9.4.13 Preparing the Master Schedule Including Merging Programs from Different Contractors...................................... 135
9.4.14 The S-curvc..................................................... 140
9.4.15 Budget Preparation and Schedule of Funds Needed................. 140
9.5 Data Needed When Using Dedicated Computer Software for Planning, Scheduling and Budgeting........................ 140
9.6 Shortening the Duration of a Project..... 141
9.7 Updating the Progress of Work........................................... 141
9.8 Finishing the Project................................................... 142
9.9 Closing This Project.................................................... 142
9.10 Managing Uncertainty - The PERT Approach 144
9.10.1 The Workings of the Pert Method.................................. 144
9.10.2 CASE STUDY: Uncertainty in the High Valley
Remediation Project........................................... 144
9.11 Crashing the Schedule................................................. 146
9.11.1 CASE STUDY: Accelerating the Launching
of an Industrial Product...................................... 147
9.12 Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM).......................... 149
9.13 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 150
References.................................................................. 150
10 Project Materials Management............................................... 151
10.1 Determining Materials and Equipment Needs............................. 151
10.2 Delivery at Job Site.................................................. 152
10.3 Manufacturing Projects................................................ 152
10.4 Steps in the Procurement Process...................................... 153
10.4.1 E-procurement................................................. 153
10.5 Equipment Delivery Status Report...................................... 153
10.5.1 CASE STUDY: Controlling Equipment Delivery for a Mall Construction....................................... 153
10.5.2 Inspection.................................................... 157
10.5.3 Materials Deliveries for the Project.......................... 158
10.6 The Gozinto Diagram for Manufacturing................................. 158
10.7 CASE STUDY: Contractors Selection for Construction of a Copper Refinery.................................................. 158
10.7.1 Background Information - General Objective.................... 158
10.7.2 Selection Criteria............................................ 158
10.8 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 158
References.................................................................. 160
11 Project Communications and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)........... 161
11.1 Reporting Advance and Development of Project.......................... 161
11.1.1 The Weekly Progress Report.................................... 161
11.2 Meetings.............................................................. 164
11.3 Additional Communication Means........................................ 165
11.4 CASE STUDY: Diagnosis in an Enterprise and Proposal to Install an ERP System......................................................... 166
11.4.1 Background Information........................................ 166
11.4.2 Areas Involved in the Industrial Process................. 166
11.4.3 Structural Organization....................................... 166
11.4.4 Industrial Processes.......................................... 166
11.4.5 Necessary Inputs.............................................. 167
11.5 Procedure to Install and ERP System................................... 167
11.5.1 Road Map for a Purchase Order from a Client.............. 168
11.5.2 Symptoms and Problems Detected During the Examination of the Existent System........................................ 168
11.5.3 Analysis of the Situation..................................... 170
11.5.4 Diagnosis of the Situation.................................... 170
11.5.5 Selecting the ERP Program to Implement........................ 171
11.6 Conclusions of This Case and Recommendations.......................... 171
11.7 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................ 171
References.................................................................. 172
12 Project Cost and Budgeting................................................... 173
12.1 Some Definitions...................................................... 173
12.1.1 The Three Aspects of Cost Management..................... 173
12.1.2 Benefits...................................................... 177
12.1.3 Sensitivity Analysis for Costs................................ 178
12.1.4 Work Breakdown Structure and Dictionary..................... 178
12.1.5 Quantities Takeoff.......................................... 178
12.1.6 Aspects to Take into Account When Developing a Cost Estimate............................................. 178
12.1.7 Methods for Cost Estimating................................. 179
12.2 CASE STUDY: Estimating Costs for a Retaining Wall................... 181
12.2.1 Examination of Cost Estimates............................... 181
12.3 Budgeting........................................................... 182
12.4 CASE STUDY: Budget Determination for Construction of a Dwellings Complex.............................................. 182
12.4.1 The Two Extreme Budget Curves............................... 182
12.5 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 185
References.................................................................. 185
13 Human Resources Planning in Projects....................................... 187
13.1 Introduction......................................................... 187
13.2 Working with People................................................. 187
13.2.1 The Worker as an Individual Human Being..................... 187
13.2.2 Worker Integration in a Team................................ 188
13.2.3 Job Location................................................ 188
13.2.4 Summary..................................................... 189
13.3 Diagnosing Existing Problems........................................ 190
13.4 CASE STUDY: Analyzing Existent Personnel Problems in an Organization......................................... 190
13.4.1 Background Information...................................... 190
13.4.2 Process Sectors............................................. 190
13.4.3 Comments on This Case....................................... 193
13.5 Conclusion of This Chapter.......................................... 193
References.................................................................. 193
14 Project Safety Management................................................ 195
14.1 Safety in Projects................................................... 195
14.2 Accidents Prevention................................................ 195
14.3 Hazards Identification............................................... 1%
14.4 Evaluate Safety Risks................................................ 1%
14.5 Safety Control....................................................... 1%
14.6 Reporting Accidents................................................. 200
14.7 Conclusion for This Chapter......................................... 200
References.................................................................. 200
15 Project Quality Management................................................ 201
15.1 What Is Quality?................................................. 201
15.2 Goal for Quality and Its Relationship with
Diverse Areas of the Project................................. 201
15.3 Quality Assurance................................................ 202
15.4 Something About the Norms........................................ 202
15.5 The ISO/DIS 21500 - Guidance on Project
Management....................................................... 203
15.6 Example of Quality Controls for a Construction/
Consulting Company............................................... 203
15.7 Quality in Manufacturing......................................... 204
15.8 The Kano Model................................................... 204
15.9 The Quality Factor Deployment Model (QFD) 205
15.10 CASE STUDY: Launching a New Portable Music Player................ 205
15.11 Cost of Qual ity (COQ)........................................... 207
15.12 Total Quality Management (TQM)................................... 207
15.13 Conclusion of This Chapter....................................... 207
References.......................................................... 208
16 Project Monitoring and Project Control..................................... 209
16.1 Monitoring the Work - Time, Costs and Performance................. 209
16.1.1 Comparison of Curves.......................................... 210
16.1.2 CASE STUDY: Planning, Scheduling and Control
for an Underpass Construction Project..................... 211
16.1.3 CASE STUDY: Contractor’s Cost Report in an Underground Stormwater Storage Project.................................... 216
16.1.4 Computer Updating............................................. 217
16.2 Monitoring Installations.............................................. 218
16.2.1 Change Orders and Claims...................................... 218
16.3 Controlling Time and Costs - Finding Possible Causes for Deviations and Proposing Solutions................................ 221
16.3.1 Graphical Information of Work Done............................ 222
16.3.2 Learning Curve................................................ 222
16.4 Controlling Manpower (MP) and Man-Hours (MH).......................... 225
16.4.1 Initial Conditions............................................ 225
16.4.2 CASE STUDY: Man-Power Control in the Construction of a Chemical Plant........................................... 225
16.4.3 Man-Power and Man-Hours....................................... 227
16.5 Combined Labor Progress and Man-Hours Performance Report in an Ore Treatment Plant Project................................. 229
16.6 Cost Estimate at Completion........................................... 230
16.6.1 CASE STUDY: Estimate at Completion Report in a Textile Mill Expansion Project....................... 232
16.7 Controlling Work Certificates......................................... 232
16.8 Controlling Aggregates and Other Inputs............................... 233
16.8.1 CASE STUDY: Construction of an Urban Park..................... 233
16.9 Controlling Compliance of Strategic Planning.......................... 234
16.10 Controlling Equipment Status.......................................... 234
16.11 Controlling Drawings Production....................................... 234
16.12 Controlling the Issue of Technical Reports............................ 235
16.13 Factors Affecting Production.......................................... 236
16.13.1 CASE STUDY: Determining Factors Affecting Production in Hand Tools Manufacturing.................................. 236
16.14 Forecasting Techniques................................................ 237
16.14.1 CASE STUDY: Forecasting Average Daily Advance and Prediction for a Mountain Road Project............... 237
16.14.2 Prediction................................................... 239
16.15 Production of As-Built Drawings........................................ 240
16.16 Controlling Quality.................................................... 240
16.17 Controlling Environmental Protection................................... 240
16.18 Controlling Risk....................................................... 241
16.19 Controlling Compliance of Safety Regulations........................... 241
16.20 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 241
References.................................................................... 241
17 Project Closing................................................................. 243
17.1 The Importance of Proper Closing of a Project..................... 243
17.2 Closing the Project with Suppliers................................ 245
17.3 Closing the Projects with Hired Personnel.............................. 245
17.4 Conclusion of This Chapter............................................. 245
Reference..................................................................... 245
Index 247
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